Culture of Lebanon

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Culture of Lebanon
History Ancient Phoenicia Hellenistic era Roman era Arab era Crusader era Mamluk era Ottoman Empire Emirate of Mount Lebanon Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate French mandate Civil War Cedar Revolution Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon
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The culture of Lebanon and the Lebanese people emerged from various civilizations over thousands of years. It was home to the Phoenicians and was subsequently conquered and occupied by the Assyrians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Persians, the Arabs, the Crusaders, the Ottoman Turks and the French. This variety is reflected in Lebanon's diverse population, composed of different religious groups, and features in the country's festivals, literature, artifacts, cuisine and architecture of Lebanon. Tourism in Lebanon is popular with periods of interruption during conflict.

The Maronite Catholic and the Druze founded modern Lebanon in the early eighteenth century, through the ruling and social system known as the "Maronite-Druze dualism" in Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate.^[1] Despite the religious and denominational diversity of the Lebanese, they "share an almost common culture".^[2] Article 11 of the Constitution of Lebanon states: "Arabic is the official national language. A law determines the cases in which the French language is to be used". The spoken Lebanese Arabic dialect used in public mixes Arabic with French. Cuisine and literature are deep-rooted "in wider Mediterranean and Levantine norms".^[2]

The hilly Mediterranean geography of Lebanon has played a role in shaping the history of Lebanon and its culture. Archaeology of Lebanon is conducted to explore the region's past.